Influenza popular science quiz

1, what is influenza »


Answer: that is, influenza, is caused by the influenza virus acute respiratory infectious diseases. Tongsudejiang, it is a contagious disease, the virus is spread by respiratory tract. The symptoms of influenza serious than the common cold, high fever after the sudden onset (39 ℃ -40 ℃). In addition to cause a cough, fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, joint pain and other symptoms, but also caused bacterial infection, cause bronchitis and pneumonia, and even spread to the heart and central nervous system, resulting in myocarditis, a life-threatening. The elderly, children with chronic heart and lung disease in patients with poor immunity, and so people have to guard against the flu, these people, influenza is an important incentive and causes of death. According to a U.S. statistics show that from 1989 to 1990 an epidemic number of deaths amounted to 55,000 people.


2, influenza and common cold What is the difference? »


A: The flu, commonly known as the common cold, medical science known as acute rhinitis or upper respiratory tract infection, its main characteristic is the complexity and diversity of pathogens, a variety of viruses, bacteria mycoplasma and a few can cause colds, each incidence can be as different pathogen Cause, a person can be many times in a year suffering from a cold, generally no obvious symptoms of systemic, and the main sneezing, runny nose and other symptoms of his card.


Influenza is entirely different, unique to the pathogenic influenza virus, it generally took place in the popular winter and spring, there is no incentive incidence, morbidity, 2001 will not be repeated. It is characterized by the greatest incidence fast, infectious strong, and a high incidence of symptoms generally swift, powerful, patients often high fever, fight the Cold War, headache, joint pain and other systemic serious systemic symptoms of patients will be seriously complicated by pneumonia, myocarditis, or even Resulting in death. The world each year by influenza killed thousands of people, but our clinical often caused by complications of influenza as the cause of death, while ignoring the incidence of influenza is the culprit.


3, the incidence of influenza patients What are the symptoms? »


A: The influenza incubation period is generally 1-3 days, clinical performance may have Zhouqi high fever, chills, headache and body ache and fatigue, the body temperature of up to 39-40 degrees Celsius. 2-3 days after the general continued to gradually retreat, the general improvement in symptoms, but respiratory symptoms such as pharyngodynia, stuffy nose, cough, and so are less serious. A small number of patients may also have gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptoms disappeared after the patient is still weak, poor mental, physical restoration slow. The elderly and those with chronic respiratory diseases easily with pneumonia.


4, influenza is also sub-types? »


Answer: From the perspective of the pathogen, influenza viruses are mucus virus, a spherical shape. According to its internal and external structure of different antigens, divided into A, B, C-3. One influenza A virus infection can be a variety of animals, human influenza is a major pathogen, they often cause the outbreak of epidemic or pandemic. The 20th century occurred four times the world pandemic, caused by influenza. A local outbreak of influenza B, C influenza mainly in the form of sporadic cases.


5, why influenza fatal »


A: Many people think that influenza is not ignored in small, in fact, die each year from influenza over the number of people. If the influenza virus invasion of organs, can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, congestive heart failure, gastroenteritis, syncope, a hallucination, very serious consequences. It said the medical situation as "Exogenous depositors," symptoms are often headache, fatigue limb weakness, an almost even slightly stations will also Zhichibuzhu, no appetite, 1:00 afraid of the wind, Dare Tian would also like to wear sweaters, but 1:00 Has been sweating, even the underwear is soaked. Chinese terminology that the situation as "cold and heat exchanges," that body has begun disorder, serious condition.


6, fever, influenza What happens »


A: One of influenza symptoms is fever, body temperature sometimes can be as high as 39-40 degrees Celsius. At this time many people will be taking anti-fever drugs, or use of alcohol Cashen, or ice compress cooling. In fact, 37 to 40 degrees Celsius under high temperature, the propagation of influenza virus was inhibited, it can be said fever is the body's immune system is preparing to fight the signals, if forcibly suppressed, it will only weaken their resistance and help the virus propagation. It was also proposed cooling Shaochuan clothes, in fact, whether hot or cold wind flu patients, has Weileng performance, even if there are high fever are also in the case. Therefore, we should do is to wear clothes warm enough, do not eat any anti-fever drugs (particularly the self-service medicine), or for the delays against.


7, and weather changes are related to influenza Mody »


A: We have throughout the year may be affected by the influenza virus attacks. However, the winter flu cases seems to be particularly high because of winter cold weather, strong wind, we easily Shouhan, weakened immunity, the virus will take advantage of our respiratory invasion. In addition, the influenza virus will be transmitted through the air. In winter, most of us in the indoor activities, often because of Paleng the windows closed and the air is not good, the virus spread.


In addition, if the low humidity, especially the respiratory tract, nasal secretion of mucous membrane of the lack of mucosal lose moisture, as if the hands and feet in winter, dry surface burst, which added a lot of situations like a wound, has greatly increased the infection of the crisis.


8, which are most vulnerable to influenza virus »


A: children, the elderly, the chronically ill are particularly vulnerable ill, should be cautious, if not, should immediately seek treatment. Such as influenza-infected pregnant women should seek treatment immediately.


9, the influenza pandemic of any note »


A: If your body strong, even now, by influenza peak period will not infected. However, there are a lot of taboos, many people do not intended for, if you have committed wrong-everything, the bills may be infected since the crisis. Those prone to neglect the taboos include:


Often eat fried food: will throat congestion, increase the mucosal surface of the wound and chances of infection.


Commissioner of households closed window insulation: closed windows, air circulation blocked, easily becoming stuffy indoor air, Microbiological rise, the more adverse respiratory tract.


10, if not careful influenza infection, the need to pay attention to what other things »


A: After accidentally infected with influenza there are many areas requiring attention:


Do not take medicine when recovered on the Elimination of symptoms: Many people stop taking medicine Bishui, no headache or fever when it no longer will have to recover and continue to work, in fact very unwise to do so, because a cold reality has not yet recovered, Not good rest, equivalent to cut their own immunity.


Eat fatty food: pork soup, chicken soup, such as the greasy-day consumption may not be big problems, but during the cold drink, may make Exogenous Chuan, to redouble their serious condition.


Prevent disease Xingfang: consumption of energy which have, it is not appropriate.


Shampoo beware of cold bath: hot water bath, the expansion of blood vessels, lowering the body temperature, cold easily again. Shampoo, the briefing should be avoided or open air conditioning, because the hair Shi Lulu, it is easy to head Shouhan.


11, What are the characteristics of influenza virus »


A: The influenza virus is the pathogen, influenza virus outside of the weak resistance in the 56 ℃ 30分钟conditions susceptible to inactivation, at room temperature for Infectious soon lost, 100 ℃ 1分钟was inactivated, However, in 0 ~ 4 ℃ can survive a few weeks, at -20 ℃ vacuum drying conditions can be stored for a long time. UV and chemical agents are sensitive. Influenza virus can be divided into A, B. C-3, the same virus can be divided into several subtypes. A virus mutates easily, often from popular B virus variant slow, relatively limited epidemic, hepatitis C virus little variation, Duocheng distributed among various types of non-cross-immunity.


12, the source of infection of influenza which »


A: The influenza patients is the main source of infection, since the incubation period that is infectious. Infectious disease within three days the strongest, with the spread of light on the important significance. Pai infected with the virus hidden in a relatively small number and the time is short, the transmission of little significance.


13, is how the spread of influenza »


A: Influenza is spread through droplets. When a patient coughs. Sneezes and speak loudly, with the virus to patients around the spray droplets in the air, penetrated normal nasal transmitted through the dust and daily necessities of indirect contact may also spread.


14, the clinical manifestations of influenza which »


On the purely clinical influenza strain of influenza and pneumonia are 1-3 day incubation period.


1. Simple flu: acute onset, chills, fever, headache, muscle pain, eye movement pain. Soft body weakness, nausea, anorexia, and mild respiratory symptoms, stuffy nose, runny nose, sneeze, cough, dry cough, pharyngodynia, pharyngeal itching. Cough can play with pain after the sternum, a small number of patients have gastrointestinal symptoms. Increased body temperature, pulse. Corresponding to speed up breathing, the patient had acute febrile face. Clinical symptoms of fever and can be in 1 - on the 2nd reached the peak, 3 - 5 days of cooling, the symptoms also will disappear, but the cough sustainable 1 - 2周.


2. Pneumonia and influenza: Less easily occur in the elderly, young, old and weak heart and lung disease patients. With the onset of influenza patients similar to a typical, 24 hours after onset, rapidly increased illness, high fever. Irritability, severe cough, sputum was bloody and have difficulty breathing and cyanosis, Shuangfei low-breathing, covered with dry. Wet-Music, but no signs of lung consolidation. Shuangfei tune-ray showed diffuse nodular shadow of more recent hilar area, symptoms have increased, more than 5 - 10 days in respiratory and circulatory failure, a higher mortality rate.


15, influenza and the diseases should be identified »


1. Common cold: vulnerable to climate variability in the cold season. Upper respiratory tract symptoms, systemic symptoms of light.


2. Acute tonsillitis: Jiqi, fever, pharyngodynia. Pharyngeal congestion, congestive swollen tonsils, Nongxing secretions, WBC and the total number of neutrophils increased.


16, the influenza outbreak of what kind of features »


A: The influenza pandemic is characterized by sudden onset, the incidence rate is high and the rapid spread of popular short course, but many times can relapse. What we have talked about the following, influenza is the first global monitoring implementation of the disease, because no other diseases can as quickly as influenza in the world of fashion, there is one-tenth of the annual global human influenza cases. China is the disease-prone areas, or local influenza pandemic outbreak occurred basically every year. The characteristics of influenza virus is easily the largest variation, and almost every year variability, it is not like measles, once a person will no longer suffering from this disease. The influenza virus changes very quickly, because of their varied, there was a "virus of 1000", so that human Fangbushengfang.


17, on common medical epidemiology of infectious diseases under investigation. Acute respiratory infectious diseases as influenza, is how from the epidemiological analysis of the »


A: The general epidemiology from the source of infection, transmission, and susceptibility to the crowd several popular features of analysis.


1, the source of infection: influenza patients and virus carriers hidden infection as the main source of infection. At the same time influenza virus can also contaminated food or toys spread of the contacts. During the influenza pandemic if inadvertently-hand touch contaminated objects and inadvertently touched their noses with their hands or eyes, is likely to be infected, washing hands frequently is a more effective method.


2, transmission; influenza mainly through the air, droplets spread of the virus exist or hidden patients infected with the respiratory secretions, through speak, cough or sneeze, and so spread into the air and to maintain about 30 minutes, susceptible to After infection can be inhaled.


3, susceptibility to the crowd: people generally susceptible to influenza, although the disease after a certain immunity, the virus mutated, the crowd repeatedly re-susceptible and disease.


4, popular features: Influenza is highly contagious virus, in addition to respiratory droplets spread as the main way very easily lead to epidemics and pandemics. Generally occurred in autumn and winter, mainly in schools and units, factories and public places of entertainment where the crowd. Late respiratory complications increased, especially children and the elderly often complicated by pneumonia, a higher mortality rate. A pandemic lasted about 6-8 weeks.