The elderly had hyperlipidemia, in addition to active drug treatment, reasonable diet is also to promote and maintain the balance of lipid metabolism important measures. Therefore, older persons should be restricted to control the total energy, low cholesterol diet low-fat, high fiber diet, quit smoking restrictions tea liquor, and optimize the way of life that "five cars."
First, limit the total energy
The basis of the elderly reduce the metabolic rate, low energy requirements than adults. Hyperlipidemia of the elderly are more strictly control the intake of energy, the energy intake per person per day to control the 29 kcal / kg within, or staple foods should not be more than 300 grams per day. Nutritionist for the elderly recommended by the food: steamed bread, rice, bread, tofu, soy milk, milk, lean meat, fish and various vegetables and fruits.
Second, low-fat low-cholesterol diet
Hyperlipidemia of the elderly to strictly control the animal fat or cholesterol intake, cooking oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids in the vegetable oil-based, such as soya bean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, eggs every day not more than one or two to Three days a eggs.
Third, high-fiber diet
Dietary fiber foods can be combined with bile acids, bile salt increase in the excretion in feces, lower serum cholesterol levels. Fiber-rich foods are the main coarse grain food, miscellaneous grains, dry beans, vegetables, fruits, etc.. Per person per day food intake of fiber to 35 to 45 grams suitable.
Fourth, limit alcohol to quit tea
Experimental studies prove that: all kinds of tea have lower blood lipid, and promote the role of fat metabolism, with the best green tea hypolipidemic effect. Therefore, the elderly may wish to hyperlipidemia and more tea. Research shows that long-term smoking or alcohol may interfere with lipid metabolism, increased cholesterol and triglycerides. So elderly people quit smoking restrictions is the best wine.
5, and optimize the way of life
Hyperlipidemia elderly patients should have a way of life laws. Appropriate to participate in sports and recreational activities, maintain a good mentality and try to avoid stress, emotional over-excited, often Aoye, overworked, anxiety or depression and other adverse psychological and spiritual factors have a negative impact on lipid metabolism.
5/11/2008
Hyperlipidemia patients how to choose a healthy lifestyle
Hyperlipidemia do not have any symptoms, often not by the people seriously, and the harm it, such as trigger atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and so on at all times a threat to people's health, so that was For the "silent killer." For hyperlipidemia, the most crucial or prevention. Prevention is the key to our concept of a healthy lifestyle.
Then, hyperlipidemia patients how to choose a healthy lifestyle »Victoria Declaration referred to the four cornerstones of health: a reasonable diet, regular exercise, quit smoking restrictions wine, psychological balance.
Reasonable diet: that mean a scientific and rational eating. Peacetime control of high fat foods as much as possible, that is, the cholesterol-rich food, such as egg yolks, Yuzi, animal fat, offal, butter, cream, etc., should eat low-fat foods such as vegetables, fruit, beans, bean products, Coarse grain.
Regular exercise: appropriate is very important, because the movement is double-edged sword. Too many intense games of sudden death, myocardial infarction. There must be constant movement in an orderly manner. Youheng, perseverance; orderly, gradual and orderly progress; degrees, is an appropriate campaign. Adhere to long-term campaign to prevent diabetes, high blood fat, osteoporosis, the campaign is the best health-care doctors.
Liquor quit smoking restrictions: the harm tobacco on the human body is very clear, especially smoking, smoking can cause atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, lung cancer and other diseases. Active smoking and passive smoking have the same hazards. Liquor can Buhe, as far as possible Buhe. Originally a small amount of wine is healthy friends. However, alcohol is responsible for damage to health, very great harm.
Psychological balance: the occurrence and development of many diseases are associated with psychological problems, patients with hyperlipidemia peacetime Dairenchushi to be open-minded, peace of mind, not Jinjinjijiao, Zuanniujiaojian, can be effective in preventing myocardial infarction, stroke disease. On the contrary if the emotional excitability, narrow-minded, hot temper, then easily induced cardio-cerebral vascular diseases.
Then, hyperlipidemia patients how to choose a healthy lifestyle »Victoria Declaration referred to the four cornerstones of health: a reasonable diet, regular exercise, quit smoking restrictions wine, psychological balance.
Reasonable diet: that mean a scientific and rational eating. Peacetime control of high fat foods as much as possible, that is, the cholesterol-rich food, such as egg yolks, Yuzi, animal fat, offal, butter, cream, etc., should eat low-fat foods such as vegetables, fruit, beans, bean products, Coarse grain.
Regular exercise: appropriate is very important, because the movement is double-edged sword. Too many intense games of sudden death, myocardial infarction. There must be constant movement in an orderly manner. Youheng, perseverance; orderly, gradual and orderly progress; degrees, is an appropriate campaign. Adhere to long-term campaign to prevent diabetes, high blood fat, osteoporosis, the campaign is the best health-care doctors.
Liquor quit smoking restrictions: the harm tobacco on the human body is very clear, especially smoking, smoking can cause atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, lung cancer and other diseases. Active smoking and passive smoking have the same hazards. Liquor can Buhe, as far as possible Buhe. Originally a small amount of wine is healthy friends. However, alcohol is responsible for damage to health, very great harm.
Psychological balance: the occurrence and development of many diseases are associated with psychological problems, patients with hyperlipidemia peacetime Dairenchushi to be open-minded, peace of mind, not Jinjinjijiao, Zuanniujiaojian, can be effective in preventing myocardial infarction, stroke disease. On the contrary if the emotional excitability, narrow-minded, hot temper, then easily induced cardio-cerebral vascular diseases.
Hyperlipidemia Attention
◆ restraint staple food. Overweight or obese particular attention to exercise restraint. Jishi-sugar foods and sweets.
◆ more consumption of fish (especially seafood fish), soybeans and soybean products, poultry, lean meat, and so can provide high-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids, lower cholesterol food.
◆ control animal liver and other organs of the intake of animal brain, Xiehuang, Yuzi, and so it is necessary to strictly limit.
◆ used cooking vegetable oil, animal fat intake to minimize.
◆ eat more vegetables, fruits, coarse grain, such as to ensure that adequate food fiber, vitamins, inorganic salt intake. You should eat with Nike Suan, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, and other rich food.
◆ more consumption of fish (especially seafood fish), soybeans and soybean products, poultry, lean meat, and so can provide high-quality protein and unsaturated fatty acids, lower cholesterol food.
◆ control animal liver and other organs of the intake of animal brain, Xiehuang, Yuzi, and so it is necessary to strictly limit.
◆ used cooking vegetable oil, animal fat intake to minimize.
◆ eat more vegetables, fruits, coarse grain, such as to ensure that adequate food fiber, vitamins, inorganic salt intake. You should eat with Nike Suan, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, and other rich food.
Suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia of the Food and cooking methods
According to hyperlipidemia patients needed low-fat low-calorie diet requirements Here are several suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia cooking methods:
(1) Don: Wash cuts after Xiaguo food, adequate water and injected, Add to dressings, Wu Huo home on the boil, Piequ floating foam, and then on the home Wenhuo Dunzhishulan, their food is characterized by soft texture Black, authentic.
(2) Wei: refers to Wenhuo or waste heat for a longer time for food heating of the cooking method. Specific methods of operation are twofold: First, will be placed in food containers, by adding spices and the appropriate amount of water, then placed Wenhuo slowly cooked to soft Wei Lan, the first is the traditional way, using leaves, lotus leaves, and other food parcels扎Tight and external Wong Nai paste, and then home fire in the ash, the waste heat of the fire Qiu Wei be cooked. Characteristics of their food is cooked Crisp and taste Xiangnong.
(3) Steam: the use of high-temperature steam cooking. Specific operations is: Banhao seasoning food, Geshui cooked. The steamed rice noodles useful package called Fenzheng, useful dress steamed lotus leaf or leaves the package is steaming; have food containers directly into the small-feeding in Geshui Zheng steam. Food can be added to water or broth, adding water or broth from time to steam. Steam is also the characteristics of authentic food, health food cooking is the most widely used in a way.
(4) cook: cooking is the most commonly used method of cooking, food Xiaguo water, to use Wu Huo boil, then cook Wenhuo. Suitable for the general body Xiao Yi cooked food production, cooking time is shorter than stewing. Characterized by a taste of their food-fresh, food ingredients are better pay in the dissolved in broth.
(5) boil: boiled in cooking on the basis of further use Wenhuoaozhi juice thick DCB Black, a longer time than stewing. More applicable to the food-containing resin. Food and characteristics of its thick juice Weinong, DCB Black easy, suitable for the elderly, the vulnerable human consumption.
(6) Liangban: raw or nearly raw in a cooking method. General food will be clean, fine cut, a water Tang Guo, plus spices拌匀can. Such processing methods generally apply to vegetable food, it's better to keep the food nutrients and active ingredients. Its features fresh and crisp, Qingxiang delicious.
Hyperlipidemia patients should not be used in cooking methods are: rice, fried, bombing, burning, and so on.
(1) Don: Wash cuts after Xiaguo food, adequate water and injected, Add to dressings, Wu Huo home on the boil, Piequ floating foam, and then on the home Wenhuo Dunzhishulan, their food is characterized by soft texture Black, authentic.
(2) Wei: refers to Wenhuo or waste heat for a longer time for food heating of the cooking method. Specific methods of operation are twofold: First, will be placed in food containers, by adding spices and the appropriate amount of water, then placed Wenhuo slowly cooked to soft Wei Lan, the first is the traditional way, using leaves, lotus leaves, and other food parcels扎Tight and external Wong Nai paste, and then home fire in the ash, the waste heat of the fire Qiu Wei be cooked. Characteristics of their food is cooked Crisp and taste Xiangnong.
(3) Steam: the use of high-temperature steam cooking. Specific operations is: Banhao seasoning food, Geshui cooked. The steamed rice noodles useful package called Fenzheng, useful dress steamed lotus leaf or leaves the package is steaming; have food containers directly into the small-feeding in Geshui Zheng steam. Food can be added to water or broth, adding water or broth from time to steam. Steam is also the characteristics of authentic food, health food cooking is the most widely used in a way.
(4) cook: cooking is the most commonly used method of cooking, food Xiaguo water, to use Wu Huo boil, then cook Wenhuo. Suitable for the general body Xiao Yi cooked food production, cooking time is shorter than stewing. Characterized by a taste of their food-fresh, food ingredients are better pay in the dissolved in broth.
(5) boil: boiled in cooking on the basis of further use Wenhuoaozhi juice thick DCB Black, a longer time than stewing. More applicable to the food-containing resin. Food and characteristics of its thick juice Weinong, DCB Black easy, suitable for the elderly, the vulnerable human consumption.
(6) Liangban: raw or nearly raw in a cooking method. General food will be clean, fine cut, a water Tang Guo, plus spices拌匀can. Such processing methods generally apply to vegetable food, it's better to keep the food nutrients and active ingredients. Its features fresh and crisp, Qingxiang delicious.
Hyperlipidemia patients should not be used in cooking methods are: rice, fried, bombing, burning, and so on.
Hyperlipidemia control proposal
As people's living standards improve, the elderly, increased blood lipid increasing. At present the elderly hyperlipidemia prevalence rate of about 30% to 50%, increased blood lipids can cause arteriosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and other diseases, therefore, the elderly should attach great importance to high fat blood Disease control.
1998 China formulated the "abnormal blood lipid control proposals" put forward the ideal of blood lipid levels of total cholesterol <5.2 mmol / L, low-density lipoprotein <3.12 mmol / L, high-density lipoprotein <1.04 mmol / L, triglycerides Ester <1.7 mmol / L. For patients with coronary heart disease, blood lipid control should also be some more stringent.
The prevention of the occurrence of hyperlipidemia should first start with diet.
● control calorie intake, the caloric intake per person per day should be controlled in the 294 cards / kg, equivalent to the daily staple food should not be more than 300 grams; control of animal fat and cholesterol intake should also be very strict, per person Not more than 300 milligrams a day, try to eat or eat animal offal, eggs every day not more than one or two to three days to eat an egg, should promote eating the vegetable oils containing peanut oil. To choose more milk, fish, beans, lean meat, seafood, vegetables, fruits, and so on.
● salt intake per person per day should be less than eight grams. Way of life to pay attention to the laws, and appropriate participation in sports and recreational activities, no smoking, no alcohol, and to maintain a good attitude.
● many natural medicines and food has good hypolipidemic effect. These drugs are: Hawthorn, Salvia, Zexie, Shouwu, cassia seed, Huang Jing, puerarin, Puhuang, lotus leaf, twist-shares, such as Ginkgo biloba. These drugs can only taste Jianshui, and with tea drinking, a better lipid-lowering effect. If the above method does not decrease blood lipid satisfactory, drug treatment should be carried out, and optional health products will hyperlipidemia play a role in prevention and treatment.
1998 China formulated the "abnormal blood lipid control proposals" put forward the ideal of blood lipid levels of total cholesterol <5.2 mmol / L, low-density lipoprotein <3.12 mmol / L, high-density lipoprotein <1.04 mmol / L, triglycerides Ester <1.7 mmol / L. For patients with coronary heart disease, blood lipid control should also be some more stringent.
The prevention of the occurrence of hyperlipidemia should first start with diet.
● control calorie intake, the caloric intake per person per day should be controlled in the 294 cards / kg, equivalent to the daily staple food should not be more than 300 grams; control of animal fat and cholesterol intake should also be very strict, per person Not more than 300 milligrams a day, try to eat or eat animal offal, eggs every day not more than one or two to three days to eat an egg, should promote eating the vegetable oils containing peanut oil. To choose more milk, fish, beans, lean meat, seafood, vegetables, fruits, and so on.
● salt intake per person per day should be less than eight grams. Way of life to pay attention to the laws, and appropriate participation in sports and recreational activities, no smoking, no alcohol, and to maintain a good attitude.
● many natural medicines and food has good hypolipidemic effect. These drugs are: Hawthorn, Salvia, Zexie, Shouwu, cassia seed, Huang Jing, puerarin, Puhuang, lotus leaf, twist-shares, such as Ginkgo biloba. These drugs can only taste Jianshui, and with tea drinking, a better lipid-lowering effect. If the above method does not decrease blood lipid satisfactory, drug treatment should be carried out, and optional health products will hyperlipidemia play a role in prevention and treatment.
Hyperlipidemia in patients with exercise therapy
Hyperlipidemia patients before conducting training to conduct a comprehensive physical examination to rule out all kinds of possible complications or complications in order to determine their own physical activity.
Health, no serious complications in patients with hyperlipidemia and low HDL-cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia open to the general physical training. Combined with mild hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease and obesity asymptomatic patients, doctors may, under the guidance of a proper campaign.
Hyperlipidemia patients with the disease ban campaign: ① acute phase of acute myocardial infarction; ② unstable angina; ③ congestive heart failure; ④ serious rooms and rooms on the arrhythmia; ⑤ severe hypertension; ⑥ serious Diabetes; ⑦ liver and kidney dysfunction.
Hyperlipidemia patients with the disease should minimize the amount of exercise and medical care under the campaign: ① frequent premature ventricular contractions and atrial fibrillation; ② aneurysm; ③ hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy And obviously the heart hypertrophy; ④ failed to control diabetes; ⑤ hyperthyroidism; ⑥ liver and kidney damage. Hyperlipidemia patients with complete atrioventricular block, left bundle text block, fixed frequency pacemaker, labor angina, severe anemia, severe obesity and the application of digitalis or β-receptor block Drug agents also should exercise caution.
Physical exercise should be taken step by step approach should not be hasty in excess of their ability to adapt to, the burden heavier heart. Exercise does not occur to the size of subjective symptoms (such as palpitations, difficulty breathing or angina, and so on) principle.
Exercise therapy must have a sufficient amount of exercise and perseverance. Minor and short-term exercise on hyperlipidemia, low HDL-cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia and obesity can not be achieved for the purpose. Only a certain amount of exercise, on serum lipids can have a beneficial effect and reduce the weight of obese patients.
Movement means will have to emphasize breathing exercise, such as brisk walk, jogging, swimming, cycling and playing tennis. These campaigns will form cardiopulmonary system to produce certain pressure, thereby improving the health status of heart and lung. 64 km per hour and the speed of light walk one hour to 1.67 kJ consumption of calories. This amount of exercise daily brisk walk can make the weight loss. However, the exercise intensity and duration should be in a few weeks later gradually increase. For obese patients and are accustomed to sedentary patients should also be in a few months after gradually increasing exercise intensity and duration, high-intensity physical activity will lead to a greater degree of weight loss.
In short, perseverance, the training scheme on the rules of patients with hyperlipidemia is very important.
Health, no serious complications in patients with hyperlipidemia and low HDL-cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia open to the general physical training. Combined with mild hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease and obesity asymptomatic patients, doctors may, under the guidance of a proper campaign.
Hyperlipidemia patients with the disease ban campaign: ① acute phase of acute myocardial infarction; ② unstable angina; ③ congestive heart failure; ④ serious rooms and rooms on the arrhythmia; ⑤ severe hypertension; ⑥ serious Diabetes; ⑦ liver and kidney dysfunction.
Hyperlipidemia patients with the disease should minimize the amount of exercise and medical care under the campaign: ① frequent premature ventricular contractions and atrial fibrillation; ② aneurysm; ③ hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy And obviously the heart hypertrophy; ④ failed to control diabetes; ⑤ hyperthyroidism; ⑥ liver and kidney damage. Hyperlipidemia patients with complete atrioventricular block, left bundle text block, fixed frequency pacemaker, labor angina, severe anemia, severe obesity and the application of digitalis or β-receptor block Drug agents also should exercise caution.
Physical exercise should be taken step by step approach should not be hasty in excess of their ability to adapt to, the burden heavier heart. Exercise does not occur to the size of subjective symptoms (such as palpitations, difficulty breathing or angina, and so on) principle.
Exercise therapy must have a sufficient amount of exercise and perseverance. Minor and short-term exercise on hyperlipidemia, low HDL-cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia and obesity can not be achieved for the purpose. Only a certain amount of exercise, on serum lipids can have a beneficial effect and reduce the weight of obese patients.
Movement means will have to emphasize breathing exercise, such as brisk walk, jogging, swimming, cycling and playing tennis. These campaigns will form cardiopulmonary system to produce certain pressure, thereby improving the health status of heart and lung. 64 km per hour and the speed of light walk one hour to 1.67 kJ consumption of calories. This amount of exercise daily brisk walk can make the weight loss. However, the exercise intensity and duration should be in a few weeks later gradually increase. For obese patients and are accustomed to sedentary patients should also be in a few months after gradually increasing exercise intensity and duration, high-intensity physical activity will lead to a greater degree of weight loss.
In short, perseverance, the training scheme on the rules of patients with hyperlipidemia is very important.
Anti-obesity and hyperlipidemia to bogey the dietary factors
◆ fasting pepper, eat more fat food trend: obesity and Hyperlipoproteinemia patients are generally not the catering section. And pepper for seasoning, it can appetizers, to promote digestion, increased appetite, it should be fasting. And becoming fat food (for a dissolution of fat deposition), such as fish, kelp, oats, coarse flour, bitter buckwheat, regular rice, corn, etc., should eat some moderate to lipid-lowering diet.
◆ proper control lipid food: obese patients and patients with Hyperlipoproteinemia, blood lipids in the material content higher. Therefore, we should properly control the intake of such foods.
Unsaturated fatty acids the human body is an important source of cholesterol synthesis, and that animal fats, the higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, should not be eating such food.
High cholesterol food can directly affect the human body cholesterol levels. Therefore, we should strictly limit the high-cholesterol food such as animal heads, offal, spinal cord, egg yolks, Yuzi, Xiehuang, pork intake. Generally speaking, the normal daily cholesterol intake should be controlled to below 200 milligrams and eat some onions, mushrooms, seaweed food.
◆ restrict carbohydrate intake: too much sugar intake, can be converted into fat storage in the body. Therefore, obesity and Hyperlipoproteinemia patients should eat or do not eat sugar. Cereal and potato starch is the main component, starch to the body can be directly converted into sugar, so obesity and Hyperlipoproteinemia patients should limit the intake of staple foods. In addition, a higher sugar content should also eat fruit, such as peach, apple, plums, grapes, bananas, meat longan, litchi, citrus, sub-question, Hami Gua, watermelon, melon, such as Cantaloupe.
◆ alcohol: alcohol can increase the heat and alcohol can affect liver function decomposition of the fat so that the large accumulation of fat in the body; drinking can also increase appetite, increase the Fan Liang, the lipid-lowering diet negative; beer contains a large number of Sugar and other nutrients, such as long-term drinking, the more fat accumulation. Therefore, obesity and Hyperlipoproteinemia patients with early alcohol.
◆ proper control lipid food: obese patients and patients with Hyperlipoproteinemia, blood lipids in the material content higher. Therefore, we should properly control the intake of such foods.
Unsaturated fatty acids the human body is an important source of cholesterol synthesis, and that animal fats, the higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, should not be eating such food.
High cholesterol food can directly affect the human body cholesterol levels. Therefore, we should strictly limit the high-cholesterol food such as animal heads, offal, spinal cord, egg yolks, Yuzi, Xiehuang, pork intake. Generally speaking, the normal daily cholesterol intake should be controlled to below 200 milligrams and eat some onions, mushrooms, seaweed food.
◆ restrict carbohydrate intake: too much sugar intake, can be converted into fat storage in the body. Therefore, obesity and Hyperlipoproteinemia patients should eat or do not eat sugar. Cereal and potato starch is the main component, starch to the body can be directly converted into sugar, so obesity and Hyperlipoproteinemia patients should limit the intake of staple foods. In addition, a higher sugar content should also eat fruit, such as peach, apple, plums, grapes, bananas, meat longan, litchi, citrus, sub-question, Hami Gua, watermelon, melon, such as Cantaloupe.
◆ alcohol: alcohol can increase the heat and alcohol can affect liver function decomposition of the fat so that the large accumulation of fat in the body; drinking can also increase appetite, increase the Fan Liang, the lipid-lowering diet negative; beer contains a large number of Sugar and other nutrients, such as long-term drinking, the more fat accumulation. Therefore, obesity and Hyperlipoproteinemia patients with early alcohol.
Hyperlipoproteinemia the clinical manifestations
Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia
Extremely rare, a genetic disease, congenital defects of lipoprotein lipase, triglycerides can not be derived from hydrolysis, resulting in massive accumulation of chylomicrons in blood. The disease often in adolescence, and within the 10-year-old was found, it was reported a week after birth was discovered. The main clinical features are:
, Skin changes, for the symptoms first appeared. In the elbow, back and arm that measles-yellow tumor. However, no eyelid and muscle-related macular tumor of yellow.
When serum triglyceride, 2000> Moore 22.6 cents / liter, the eyes may appear clothes hyperlipidemia retinopathy.
Hepatosplenomegaly, 2000, with the extent of its size and changes in blood triglyceride levels.
, Recurrent abdominal pain.
Its biological and chemical characteristics: Because chylomicrons increased, a plasma-like butter, at 4 ℃ refrigerator overnight, the upper deck was "cream"-like cover, lower clarify; significantly increased triglyceride and cholesterol is normal or only slightly higher Cholesterol / triglyceride ratio <0.2.
Ⅱ-Hyperlipoproteinemia
Also called familial hypercholesterolemia, is the dominant genetic diseases. Comparing this type Most of its main clinical features as:
, Of yellow, occurred in the Department of the eyelids, around the eyes showed a yellow spot, known as the yellow of the eyelids. May also occur in the muscles licensing, for example, in the elbow, with the muscle-like uplift plane was Qiu, known as the muscle-yellow tumor. In addition, visible to the festival-like yellow skin tumors, occurs in the skin vulnerable to oppression, such as knee, elbow and arm the side of God. Sometimes found in the fingers and palm crease Department.
, Early-onset atherosclerosis, about 60 percent of the cases in which a 40-year-old former angina, such as atherosclerosis performance.
Fat, corneal bow.
Ⅱ a type Ⅱ b and the clinical performance of similar, but its biochemical characteristics is different. Ⅱ a plasma-placed appearance fully clarified, increased cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels normal, cholesterol / triglyceride ratio> 1.5; Ⅱ b-placed after the appearance of the majority of plasma clarification, but there are also a few mild haze, cholesterol and glycerin 3 ester at the same time increased cholesterol / triglyceride ratio uncertain.
Ⅲ-Hyperlipoproteinemia
Less often for the family, is recessive genetic diseases. Often in patients 30 to 40-year-old when a flat of yellow (orange and yellow lipid calmly, and often occurred in the palm Division), to the section of the rash of yellow-and yellow skin tumors, and other early-onset coronary artery disease frequently Obesity and high blood uric acid, about 40% of the patients have abnormal glucose tolerance.
Biochemical characteristics: plasma unusual lipoprotein, the plasma is usually placed turbidity, and often a vague "cream" layer; cholesterol and triglyceride almost all increased cholesterol / triglyceride ratio ≥ 1.
Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia
Clinical very Most of the 20-year-old Chang after the onset, for the family, a dominant genetic. Characterized by abnormally high levels of endogenous triglycerides, may be due to an increase of the liver, remove or weaken due to surrounding tissue.
Main clinical manifestations are: yellow skin tumors, skin nodules of yellow, yellow-like rash of yellow spots and eyelid tumor; retinal lipid hyperlipidemia; rapid progress of atherosclerosis; can be associated with pancreatitis, blood uric acid increased with the majority Abnormal glucose tolerance.
Biochemical characteristics: look at the plasma clarify or muddy, but no top-level chylomicrons; significantly increased triglyceride and cholesterol most normal or slightly higher cholesterol / triglyceride ratio uncertain.
V-Hyperlipoproteinemia
Of the type I and type IV of the mixture, which can have two types of features. The most commonly secondary to acute metabolic disorder, such as diabetes allocation of acidosis, pancreatitis and nephrotic syndrome, but also for the hereditary. Patients often after the age of onset was 20. Hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal pain associated with pancreatitis as the main clinical manifestations. Patients on diet and endogenous triglyceride intolerance, and often have abnormal glucose tolerance and hyperuricemia. At the upper plasma was "cream"-like, lower turbidity; significantly increased triglyceride and cholesterol increased, the cholesterol / triglyceride ratio> 1.15 and <0.6.
Extremely rare, a genetic disease, congenital defects of lipoprotein lipase, triglycerides can not be derived from hydrolysis, resulting in massive accumulation of chylomicrons in blood. The disease often in adolescence, and within the 10-year-old was found, it was reported a week after birth was discovered. The main clinical features are:
, Skin changes, for the symptoms first appeared. In the elbow, back and arm that measles-yellow tumor. However, no eyelid and muscle-related macular tumor of yellow.
When serum triglyceride, 2000> Moore 22.6 cents / liter, the eyes may appear clothes hyperlipidemia retinopathy.
Hepatosplenomegaly, 2000, with the extent of its size and changes in blood triglyceride levels.
, Recurrent abdominal pain.
Its biological and chemical characteristics: Because chylomicrons increased, a plasma-like butter, at 4 ℃ refrigerator overnight, the upper deck was "cream"-like cover, lower clarify; significantly increased triglyceride and cholesterol is normal or only slightly higher Cholesterol / triglyceride ratio <0.2.
Ⅱ-Hyperlipoproteinemia
Also called familial hypercholesterolemia, is the dominant genetic diseases. Comparing this type Most of its main clinical features as:
, Of yellow, occurred in the Department of the eyelids, around the eyes showed a yellow spot, known as the yellow of the eyelids. May also occur in the muscles licensing, for example, in the elbow, with the muscle-like uplift plane was Qiu, known as the muscle-yellow tumor. In addition, visible to the festival-like yellow skin tumors, occurs in the skin vulnerable to oppression, such as knee, elbow and arm the side of God. Sometimes found in the fingers and palm crease Department.
, Early-onset atherosclerosis, about 60 percent of the cases in which a 40-year-old former angina, such as atherosclerosis performance.
Fat, corneal bow.
Ⅱ a type Ⅱ b and the clinical performance of similar, but its biochemical characteristics is different. Ⅱ a plasma-placed appearance fully clarified, increased cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels normal, cholesterol / triglyceride ratio> 1.5; Ⅱ b-placed after the appearance of the majority of plasma clarification, but there are also a few mild haze, cholesterol and glycerin 3 ester at the same time increased cholesterol / triglyceride ratio uncertain.
Ⅲ-Hyperlipoproteinemia
Less often for the family, is recessive genetic diseases. Often in patients 30 to 40-year-old when a flat of yellow (orange and yellow lipid calmly, and often occurred in the palm Division), to the section of the rash of yellow-and yellow skin tumors, and other early-onset coronary artery disease frequently Obesity and high blood uric acid, about 40% of the patients have abnormal glucose tolerance.
Biochemical characteristics: plasma unusual lipoprotein, the plasma is usually placed turbidity, and often a vague "cream" layer; cholesterol and triglyceride almost all increased cholesterol / triglyceride ratio ≥ 1.
Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia
Clinical very Most of the 20-year-old Chang after the onset, for the family, a dominant genetic. Characterized by abnormally high levels of endogenous triglycerides, may be due to an increase of the liver, remove or weaken due to surrounding tissue.
Main clinical manifestations are: yellow skin tumors, skin nodules of yellow, yellow-like rash of yellow spots and eyelid tumor; retinal lipid hyperlipidemia; rapid progress of atherosclerosis; can be associated with pancreatitis, blood uric acid increased with the majority Abnormal glucose tolerance.
Biochemical characteristics: look at the plasma clarify or muddy, but no top-level chylomicrons; significantly increased triglyceride and cholesterol most normal or slightly higher cholesterol / triglyceride ratio uncertain.
V-Hyperlipoproteinemia
Of the type I and type IV of the mixture, which can have two types of features. The most commonly secondary to acute metabolic disorder, such as diabetes allocation of acidosis, pancreatitis and nephrotic syndrome, but also for the hereditary. Patients often after the age of onset was 20. Hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal pain associated with pancreatitis as the main clinical manifestations. Patients on diet and endogenous triglyceride intolerance, and often have abnormal glucose tolerance and hyperuricemia. At the upper plasma was "cream"-like, lower turbidity; significantly increased triglyceride and cholesterol increased, the cholesterol / triglyceride ratio> 1.15 and <0.6.
Hyperlipidemia Category
From the clinic, can be simply divided into the following four categories:
◆ hypercholesterolemia: higher levels of serum TC.
◆ combined hyperlipidemia: serum TC and TG average increase of water.
◆ Hypertriglyceridemia: serum TG levels increased.
◆ low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia: serum HDL-C level lower.
The etiology, hyperlipidemia can be divided into:
◆ primary hyperlipidemia include: family history of lipoprotein enzyme deficiency, familial type Ⅲ Hyperlipoproteinemia, familial hypercholesterolemia; family history of high triglyceride hyperlipidemia, multi-lipoprotein-high fat Hyperlipidemia; unknown reasons the primary Hyperlipoproteinemia: multi-gene hypercholesterolemia; sporadic high triglyceride hyperlipidemia; family of high-α Hyperlipoproteinemia.
◆ secondary hyperlipidemia: including diabetes hyperlipidemia; reduce thyroid function; nephrotic syndrome; chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, drug hyperlipidemia.
◆ hypercholesterolemia: higher levels of serum TC.
◆ combined hyperlipidemia: serum TC and TG average increase of water.
◆ Hypertriglyceridemia: serum TG levels increased.
◆ low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia: serum HDL-C level lower.
The etiology, hyperlipidemia can be divided into:
◆ primary hyperlipidemia include: family history of lipoprotein enzyme deficiency, familial type Ⅲ Hyperlipoproteinemia, familial hypercholesterolemia; family history of high triglyceride hyperlipidemia, multi-lipoprotein-high fat Hyperlipidemia; unknown reasons the primary Hyperlipoproteinemia: multi-gene hypercholesterolemia; sporadic high triglyceride hyperlipidemia; family of high-α Hyperlipoproteinemia.
◆ secondary hyperlipidemia: including diabetes hyperlipidemia; reduce thyroid function; nephrotic syndrome; chronic renal failure, acute renal failure, drug hyperlipidemia.
Hyperlipidemia diagnostic criteria
At present, the domestic general to adults fasting serum total cholesterol over 572 cents Moore / l, triglycerides Moore more than 1.70 cents / liter, the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia. Total cholesterol in the 5.2 to 5.7 cents Moore / or are referred to as marginal increase.
According to the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein - the results of cholesterol, hyperlipidemia usually divided into the following four types:
(1) hypercholesterolemia: serum total cholesterol levels increased, more than 572 cents Moore / l, while triglyceride levels normal, that is, triglycerides <1.70 cents Moore / liter.
(2) Hypertriglyceridemia: serum triglyceride levels increased, more than 1.70 cents Moore / l, while the total cholesterol levels normal, that is, total cholesterol <5.72 cents Moore / liter.
(3) combined hyperlipidemia: serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels are higher, that is, total cholesterol over 572 cents Moore / l, triglycerides Moore more than 1.70 cents / liter.
(4) low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia: serum high-density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) was reduced, <9.0 cents Moore / liter.
According to the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein - the results of cholesterol, hyperlipidemia usually divided into the following four types:
(1) hypercholesterolemia: serum total cholesterol levels increased, more than 572 cents Moore / l, while triglyceride levels normal, that is, triglycerides <1.70 cents Moore / liter.
(2) Hypertriglyceridemia: serum triglyceride levels increased, more than 1.70 cents Moore / l, while the total cholesterol levels normal, that is, total cholesterol <5.72 cents Moore / liter.
(3) combined hyperlipidemia: serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels are higher, that is, total cholesterol over 572 cents Moore / l, triglycerides Moore more than 1.70 cents / liter.
(4) low high-density lipoprotein hyperlipidemia: serum high-density lipoprotein - cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) was reduced, <9.0 cents Moore / liter.
Lipid inspection note
Hyperlipidemia led to cardio-cerebral vascular diseases is a very slow process, often from young and middle-vascular invasion began, almost no early symptoms are often overlooked. So regularly check blood lipids is very important, but lipids checks, should note the following:
1. Fasting: blood the day before the late bell began fasting 10:00, 9:00 the following morning to 10 o'clock to take blood, or more than 12 hours of fasting morning blood.
2. Blood tests before the last one meal should be noted: Jiyong high fat food, not drink, because alcohol can significantly increase the plasma rich in triglycerides and lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, The test results led to errors.
3. Physiological and pathological conditions in the relatively stable circumstances for testing. With blood lipid levels may be some physiological and pathological changes in status. Such as: trauma, acute infections and fever, myocardial infarction, women's menstruation, pregnancy, and so on.
4. Do not take certain drugs at the inspection. Such as contraceptives, β-blockers (such as: propranolol), thiazin-type diuretics (such as urine dihydrochloride grams Cypriots, chlorine-thiadiazole), hormones and other drugs can affect blood lipid levels, leading to the error inspection.
Lipid check vulnerable to many factors, to the hospital for tests before important to note the above circumstances, in order to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
Check if the abnormal blood lipids, it should be between regular, once again review lipids, the last doctor to help determine the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia.
1. Fasting: blood the day before the late bell began fasting 10:00, 9:00 the following morning to 10 o'clock to take blood, or more than 12 hours of fasting morning blood.
2. Blood tests before the last one meal should be noted: Jiyong high fat food, not drink, because alcohol can significantly increase the plasma rich in triglycerides and lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, The test results led to errors.
3. Physiological and pathological conditions in the relatively stable circumstances for testing. With blood lipid levels may be some physiological and pathological changes in status. Such as: trauma, acute infections and fever, myocardial infarction, women's menstruation, pregnancy, and so on.
4. Do not take certain drugs at the inspection. Such as contraceptives, β-blockers (such as: propranolol), thiazin-type diuretics (such as urine dihydrochloride grams Cypriots, chlorine-thiadiazole), hormones and other drugs can affect blood lipid levels, leading to the error inspection.
Lipid check vulnerable to many factors, to the hospital for tests before important to note the above circumstances, in order to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
Check if the abnormal blood lipids, it should be between regular, once again review lipids, the last doctor to help determine the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia.
The drugs commonly used high blood lipid
The stubborn and serious hyperlipidemia, can be given appropriate medical treatment, has yet to be very physical requirements of the lipid-lowering drugs. Most of lipid-lowering effect only short-term and long-term use is apparent side effects. Therefore, drug therapy should be considered as high risk for coronary heart disease, lipid metabolism disorder measure of last resort, and with non-drug therapy to be conducted jointly.
Hyperlipidemia strict diet control after three to six months later, the lipid levels are still significantly higher, especially for the elderly and other risk factors (such as diabetes, hypertension and family history of cardiovascular disease, etc.) There must be given to drugs Treatment. Drug treatment should still adhere to diet therapy. Hypolipidemic drugs currently used are as follows several categories. Drug treatment must be under the guidance of doctors, after comprehensive analysis of history choose to use.
1, phenoxy-acids: such drugs fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, and so on. Phenoxy-acid drugs hypolipidemic effect strong, fast onset of action, down the role of triglyceride than cholesterol-lowering effect of the strong.
2, 3 hydroxymethyl-3酰- coenzyme A reductase inhibitors: such drugs lovastatin Ding, Simvastatin, pravastatin, and so on. Such drugs down the main cholesterol, lipid-lowering effect strong, fast onset of action.
3, nicotinic acid categories: oxygen of such drugs in a more commonly used glipizide, lower than the role of serum triglyceride-lowering cholesterol.
4, polyunsaturated fatty acids categories: all kinds of plant seeds, including oil. Such as rubber seed oil, evening primrose son, silymarin seed oil and fish preparations. These drugs have hypolipidemic and lower blood viscosity, but more moderate role.
5, the Pan-sulfur triethylamine: coenzyme A derivatives, have lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride and increased high-density lipoprotein - the role of cholesterol.
6, PSS (PPS): seaweed is summarized as raw materials of the type of marine drug heparin. Engage in a blood-low blood viscosity, expansion of blood vessels and lower blood fat, increase the role of HDL levels. Mainly used for ischemic cardiovascular disease prevention.
7, other hypolipidemic drugs: categories such as Ginkgo biloba (Taponin) experimental serum that can triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly.
Hyperlipidemia strict diet control after three to six months later, the lipid levels are still significantly higher, especially for the elderly and other risk factors (such as diabetes, hypertension and family history of cardiovascular disease, etc.) There must be given to drugs Treatment. Drug treatment should still adhere to diet therapy. Hypolipidemic drugs currently used are as follows several categories. Drug treatment must be under the guidance of doctors, after comprehensive analysis of history choose to use.
1, phenoxy-acids: such drugs fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, and so on. Phenoxy-acid drugs hypolipidemic effect strong, fast onset of action, down the role of triglyceride than cholesterol-lowering effect of the strong.
2, 3 hydroxymethyl-3酰- coenzyme A reductase inhibitors: such drugs lovastatin Ding, Simvastatin, pravastatin, and so on. Such drugs down the main cholesterol, lipid-lowering effect strong, fast onset of action.
3, nicotinic acid categories: oxygen of such drugs in a more commonly used glipizide, lower than the role of serum triglyceride-lowering cholesterol.
4, polyunsaturated fatty acids categories: all kinds of plant seeds, including oil. Such as rubber seed oil, evening primrose son, silymarin seed oil and fish preparations. These drugs have hypolipidemic and lower blood viscosity, but more moderate role.
5, the Pan-sulfur triethylamine: coenzyme A derivatives, have lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride and increased high-density lipoprotein - the role of cholesterol.
6, PSS (PPS): seaweed is summarized as raw materials of the type of marine drug heparin. Engage in a blood-low blood viscosity, expansion of blood vessels and lower blood fat, increase the role of HDL levels. Mainly used for ischemic cardiovascular disease prevention.
7, other hypolipidemic drugs: categories such as Ginkgo biloba (Taponin) experimental serum that can triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly.
Hyperlipidemia harm
Hyperlipidemia is the result of atherosclerosis of the important factors, excessive lipid deposition in the artery intima, a plaque, the lumen narrowing, causing damage to blood supply parts ischemic, in the final of the organ dysfunction:
1, coronary heart disease (including angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, etc.);
2, cerebral thrombosis (hemiplegia and aphasia, disturbance of consciousness, difficulty swallowing or even life-threatening);
3, renal hypertension, renal failure;
4, retinal vascular disease, vision problems, blindness.
Among these various types of coronary heart disease has become Kuishou died of the disease, its mortality rate more than the sum of all disease mortality.
1, coronary heart disease (including angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, etc.);
2, cerebral thrombosis (hemiplegia and aphasia, disturbance of consciousness, difficulty swallowing or even life-threatening);
3, renal hypertension, renal failure;
4, retinal vascular disease, vision problems, blindness.
Among these various types of coronary heart disease has become Kuishou died of the disease, its mortality rate more than the sum of all disease mortality.
What kind of patients it is not appropriate to cholesterol-lowering treatment?
First of all, active hepatitis patients should not use cholesterol-lowering drugs. Such lipid-lowering drugs in the liver metabolism, thus increasing the liver damage.
Second, pregnant or lactating women should not use cholesterol-lowering drugs. Because the atherosclerosis process is chronic, disabling lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy on the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia little impact in the long-term results; Moreover, the biological synthesis of cholesterol and other products is a necessary component of fetal development , Including steroids and cell membrane synthesis. He set type lipid-lowering drugs in lowering cholesterol biosynthesis, but also reduce the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway of other products. Therefore, pregnant women taking such drugs may be detrimental to the hypolipidemic fetus.
Hypolipidemic drugs and their metabolites are secreted by human milk is still a lack of research. Because many drugs as human milk secretion, but also because of the potential side effects of lipid-lowering drugs, breast-feeding women should not be taking lipid-lowering drugs.
Finally, it must be stressed that not all patients with coronary heart disease are suitable for cholesterol-lowering treatment, senior citizens over the age of 70 elderly patients with chronic congestive heart failure, dementia, cerebral vascular disease or advanced activities of patients with malignant tumors, it is not appropriate Taking lipid-lowering therapy.
Second, pregnant or lactating women should not use cholesterol-lowering drugs. Because the atherosclerosis process is chronic, disabling lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy on the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia little impact in the long-term results; Moreover, the biological synthesis of cholesterol and other products is a necessary component of fetal development , Including steroids and cell membrane synthesis. He set type lipid-lowering drugs in lowering cholesterol biosynthesis, but also reduce the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway of other products. Therefore, pregnant women taking such drugs may be detrimental to the hypolipidemic fetus.
Hypolipidemic drugs and their metabolites are secreted by human milk is still a lack of research. Because many drugs as human milk secretion, but also because of the potential side effects of lipid-lowering drugs, breast-feeding women should not be taking lipid-lowering drugs.
Finally, it must be stressed that not all patients with coronary heart disease are suitable for cholesterol-lowering treatment, senior citizens over the age of 70 elderly patients with chronic congestive heart failure, dementia, cerebral vascular disease or advanced activities of patients with malignant tumors, it is not appropriate Taking lipid-lowering therapy.
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