Coronary heart disease risk factors

At present the whole crowd that the main risk factors for coronary heart disease is the traditional risk factors for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes and family history, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and smoking is considered the most important, but also Coronary heart disease were estimated 2 / 3 of these three factors is the role of a single or joint role in the cause, while research in recent years prompted the development of coronary heart disease associated with some of the new risk factors.
Hypertension: high blood pressure is considered an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. Patients with hypertension atherosclerosis than normal blood pressure significantly, the higher the level of blood pressure and arteriosclerosis more serious degree. High blood pressure not only has accelerated atherosclerosis, also accelerated the small arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure in patients with vascular rupture and occlusion of blood pressure were normal as early as about 20. Research shows that both systolic or diastolic blood pressure can predict a strong risk of CHD.
The current severe hypertension has no objection to the hazard, and the role of mild hypertension dispute, although most experts believe that such patients with lower levels of blood pressure, the risk of coronary heart disease caused smaller, but the proportion of the population, still can not be Ignored.
Hyperlipidemia: high serum total cholesterol has proved to be coronary heart disease risk factors. In the lower total serum cholesterol in the crowd in the East as well. Food is the impact of serum cholesterol level of the important factors, which also affects the coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, autopsy studies and large-scale migration studies have confirmed this point. The type of dietary fat is also important, saturated fatty acids will increase serum cholesterol increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids to reduce the increase.
Smoking: Smoking is atherosclerosis an independent risk factor. Smoking CHD mortality increase was mainly due to myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death. Epidemiological study results show that: smoking and the risk of coronary heart disease is directly proportional to smoking; Zhiyan suction aspiration than other types of tobacco dangers of large autopsy results found that the extent of atherosclerosis smokers than non-smokers in serious And more smoking affects not only the incidence of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction also affect the prognosis; passive smoking are subject to the same hazards; lower the age, the higher the relative risk; quit smoking can reduce the risk of CHD.
Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance so that the risk of cardiovascular disease increased. Hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C frequently co-exist, these factors will be accelerated atherosclerosis.
Overweight and obesity: overweight that weight gain over a particular standard, often used BMI (body mass index, BMl) to indicate that weight kg / (height m) 2 ≥ 25 for the overweight. Obese refers to the proportion of body fat too high, such as the weight of men over women, or 25 percent more than the 30 percent of body weight. After large number of epidemiological studies, that it is coronary heart disease risk factors, primarily through the effects of blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels.
The lack of physical activity: It is now concerned with the movement of information between coronary heart disease deaths are mostly observational studies, failed to draw causal relationship. 1987 Review of the one summed up the results of 43 epidemiological studies, concluded that moderate or severe physical activity can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. CDC's evaluation that the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory has confirmed the argument of physical activity and the links between the prevention of coronary heart disease, the mechanism is that physical activity can control weight, increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, lower blood pressure, improve crown Vein blood flow, increased HDL. But for those not accustomed to peacetime movement, strong physical activity is likely to trigger coronary heart disease risk of acute myocardial infarction attack. For a long time regular activities, each time interval is not long, can protect people not in use because of coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction vigorously and trigger the other hand, not the people, particularly known to have coronary heart disease Or the risk of coronary heart disease, violent activity may pose a risk to patients. Physical activity in daily life often can not protect patients or due to strong physical activity is not a result of myocardial infarction. So publicity also must take into account this problem.
And the spirit of the type of stress: Some people have found that Type A male actors with angina, myocardial infarction than the risk of Type B are twice as high, there are also women in the same association. The concept of vulnerable patients with coronary heart disease, including pressure to bear the physical and emotional response (including anger, cynicism, doubts, reflected in the hostility and repression).
Clotting risk factors: GPIIIa is the main platelet integrin, which is a transmembrane sugar-protein complex. Its role as a receptor, mediated platelet fibrinogen binding to the surface and subsequent platelet aggregation. A case-control study of the United States to observe the PIA2 GPIIIa gene polymorphism (Leucine -33 was replaced by proline) and emergency thrombosis between the association, its significance in the notice of hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol or hyperlipidemia Diabetes and other known risk factors for coronary heart disease on.
Homocysteine: high homocysteine (Hey) is produced during the metabolism of methionine a sulphur content of amino acids, several case-control study of the plasma Hcy had a high level, high rates of coronary heart disease. European collaborative action plans to further affirmed it as an independent risk factor.
Lipoprotein (a): lipoprotein (a) [LP (a)] and the lipid composition similar to LDL, the protein apo (a) part of how kringle structure, with a high degree of homology pro fiber solution. It can direct role in protein and fiber, can inhibit the fibrinolytic plasminogen role. In structure, it has to thrombosis and atherosclerosis of the potential.
Of atherosclerosis spectrum of lipoprotein (ALP): caused by atherosclerosis of the spectrum lipoprotein (atherogenic lipoprotein profile, ALP) is a certain genetic basis of several metabolic disorders integrated. AS mainly shown by the strong role of small particles of low-density lipoprotein (LDL2) increased, high triglycerides (TG) hyperlipidemia and low levels of HDL. Are accompanied by insulin resistance based on the metabolic syndrome (Reaven's Syndrome X). Germany PROCAM study early