Obstructive pulmonary emphysema causes

Obstructive pulmonary emphysema causes are complex, summarized as follows.

(A) smoking Zhiyan contain a variety of harmful ingredients, such as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. Smokers mucus glands fucose and neuraminidase content increased, can inhibit the activities of bronchial mucous membrane cilia, the reflection of the cause bronchial spasms, weakened alveolar macrophage cells. Smokers with emphysema or chronic bronchitis and died of respiratory failure or pulmonary heart disease are more than non-smokers.

(B) air pollution autopsy material proof, climate and economic conditions similar circumstances, the serious air pollution in the incidence of emphysema in less pollution than higher.

(C) virus and bacterial infection of respiratory tract infection and the incidence of emphysema have a certain relationship. Repeated infection can cause bronchial mucosal congestion, edema, gland hyperplasia, mast, the secretion of hyperthyroidism, narrow wall thickening caused airway obstruction. Lung infection-forming activity increased with emphysema may also be relevant.

(4)-- anti-protease imbalance in the number of proteolytic enzymes that digest the lung tissue, and the anti-stretch-the-such as inhibited. Anti-protease and the balance is to maintain the normal structure of lung tissue damage from a major factor. To digest the lung tissue-There are two sources of exogenous from pathogens such as bacteria and mold, derived from within the neutrophil and alveolar macrophages. Smoking to elastase activity increased, and anti-deactivation. α1 anti-trypsin is a synthesis of sugar from liver protein, can inhibit the activity of a variety of serine protease. α1-by-one pair of autosomal recessive gene, because the normal human M-type, that is PiMM. If instead of glutamic acid lysine, which is z-type. Foreign information in the report of the crowd PiZZ homozygous about 1 / 4000, PiMZ heterozygote about 3% to 5%. PiZZ homozygous serum anti-trypsin α1 seriously reduce the activity. Risk of hepatitis and emphysema. α1 anti-trypsin deficiency caused by emphysema has the following characteristics: an earlier age of onset, non-smoking history; shorter duration, short breath obvious serum protein electrophoresis α1 globulin to reduce serum α1 reduce the activity of anti-trypsin . Pathological more for the whole lobular type of emphysema. Other types such as PiSS and various heterozygous PiMZ and PiSZ, and so does not increase the incidence of emphysema. α1 anti-trypsin deficiency more common in Caucasians, China's rare.